Posted 14 October, 2025
IDALS announced the results of the 2023 Iowa Commercial Horticulture Food Crops Survey, the first comprehensive look at Iowa’s horticulture food crops industry since 2015. The report highlights a sector of Iowa agriculture that is diverse, growing, and making a significant contribution to Iowa’s economy and agricultural identity. Secretary Naig made the announcement in conjunction with the annual “Great Apple Crunch,” a fun statewide celebration of locally grown apples, one of Iowa’s top commercial horticulture food crops.
The survey results provide critical insights that will help guide future policies, market development, and investment opportunities for Iowa’s horticulture industry. The findings will help inform the state’s ongoing efforts to strengthen direct-to-consumer sales, expand retail and grocery partnerships, and connect more producers with the growing Choose Iowa program. By having accurate and up-to-date data, policymakers, researchers and industry leaders can better support specialty crop farmers and help them overcome challenges, seize new opportunities, and sustain growth.
The entire report can be found here.
Key Findings from the 2023 Iowa Horticulture Survey
Industry Size and Growth
- 857 commercial specialty crop producers participated in the survey
- 11,650 acres of specialty crops were grown in 2023
- Average specialty crop farm size: 7.8 acres
- Industry rebounded strongly post-pandemic. Estimated total number of edible specialty crop producers:
- 1989: 1,400 farms
- 2000: 938 farms
- 2023: 1,680 farms
- Average farmer age: 57.2 years
- Nearly one-third of producers are beginning farmers, signaling new entrants into the industry.
Economic Impact
- 2022 sales of edible specialty crops: $79 million
- 2023 direct edible specialty crop sales: $41 million
- Sales supported:
- $66.5 million in statewide economic output
- $42.4 million in value-added activity
- $29.9 million in labor income across 367 jobs
Top Specialty Crops
- Honey – 1,229 producers
- Peppers – 542 producers
- Apples – 498 producers
- Tomatoes – 445 producers
- Lettuce – 419 producers
Sales Channels and Value-Added Products
- On-farm stores and farmers markets remain the most popular outlets
- 30% of farms sold through farmers markets in 2023
- 52% sold exclusively direct-to-consumer
- Community Supported Agriculture (CSA): median sales of $4,859 per farm
- Retail and grocery store sales: $8.6 million statewide
- Value-added goods:
- Edible specialty crop farms sold an estimated $11.3 million in value-added products in 2023
- Highest sales revenue: red and white wine
- Most common sales volume: canned and jarred goods
Water Quality Practices and Organics
- 21% of fruit and vegetable producers adopt cover crops
- 8% (100 of 1,300 farms) grow certified organic crops, reflecting a meaningful but still emerging market
The 2023 Iowa Commercial Horticulture Food Crops Survey was developed by a steering committee of staff from Iowa State University (ISU) Extension and Outreach - Farm Food and Enterprise Development, horticulture specialists with ISU Extension and Outreach and the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, the University of Iowa’s Global Health Studies Program, and Practical Farmers of Iowa. Additional input was provided by the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA-AMS), Iowa Specialty Crop Growers Association, and the Iowa Farmers Market Association. In addition to analyses by ISU Extension and Outreach, funding for 2023 Iowa Commercial Horticulture Food Crops Survey was made possible by a grant and cooperative agreement from USDA-AMS. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USDA.